Can we avoid contrails?

Schumann, U. (1996). On conditions for contrail formation from aircraft exhausts. Meteorologische Zeitschrift.

• Oli: What is a contrail and when do they form?

Lee, D., Fahey, D., Skowron, A., et al. (2021). The contribution of global aviation to anthropogenic climate forcing for 2000 to 2018. Atmospheric Environment.

• Oli: What has been the impact of contrails on the climate so far?

Grobler, C., Wolfe, P. J., Dasadhikari, K., et al. (2019). Marginal climate and air quality costs of aviation emissions. Environmental Research Letters.

• Oli: What will likely be the impact of contrails going forward?

Smith, J. R., Grobler, C., Hodgson, P. J., et al. (2026). The climate opportunities and risks of contrail avoidance. Nature Communications.

• Oli: What is the urgency of avoiding contrails soon?

Gierens, K. M., Lim, L., & Eleftheratos, K. (2008). A review of various strategies for contrail avoidance. Open Atmospheric Science Journal.

• Oli: How well should we avoid contrails?

Sausen, R., Hofer, S. M., Gierens, K. M., et al. (2023). Can we successfully avoid persistent contrails by small altitude adjustments of flights in the real world? Meteorologische Zeitschrift.

• Oli: Can we avoid satellite-visible contrails in practice?

Sonabend-W, A., Elkin, C., Dean, T., et al. (2024). Feasibility test of per-flight contrail avoidance in commercial aviation. Communications Engineering.

• Oli: Can we avoid satellite-visible contrails in practice?

Sankar, T., Dean, T., Abbott, T., et al. (2026). Efficacy of Scalable Airline-led Contrail Avoidance. Journal of Environmentally Compatible Air Transport System Discussions.

• Oli: How effectively can we avoid satellite-visible contrails contrails?

Euchenhofer, M. V., Prashanth, P., Parke, S. A., et al. (2025). Contrail Observation Limitations Using Geostationary Satellites. Geophysical Research Letters.

• Oli: When can we observe contrails in our satellite images?