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  2. Gowrisankaran, G., Nevo, A., & Town, R. (2015). Mergers When Prices Are Negotiated: Evidence from the Hospital Industry. American Economic Review.

  3. Prager, E., & Tilipman, N. (2025). Regulating Out-of-Network Hospital Payments: Disagreement Payoffs, Negotiated Prices, and Access.

    Note: Cool paper! Also has useful way to identify OON payments without buying extra data beyond APC

  4. Vatter, B. (2025). Quality Disclosure and Regulation: Scoring Design in Medicare Advantage. Econometrica.

  5. Cooper, Z., Gibbons, S., & Skellern, M. (2018). Does competition from private surgical centres improve public hospitals' performance? Evidence from the English National Health Service. Journal of Public Economics.

  6. Brot, Z., Cooper, Z., Craig, S. V., et al. (2024). Is There Too Little Antitrust Enforcement in the US Hospital Sector? American Economic Review: Insights.

  7. Dafny, L. S. (2005). How Do Hospitals Respond to Price Changes? American Economic Review.

  8. Dafny, L. S. (2010). Are Health Insurance Markets Competitive? American Economic Review.

  9. Handel, B. R. (2013). Adverse Selection and Inertia in Health Insurance Markets: When Nudging Hurts. American Economic Review.

  10. Lee, R. S. (2013). Vertical Integration and Exclusivity in Platform and Two-Sided Markets. American Economic Review.

  11. Nevo, A. (2000). Mergers with Differentiated Products: The Case of the Ready-to-Eat Cereal Industry. The RAND Journal of Economics.

  12. Berry, S., Levinsohn, J., & Pakes, A. (1995). Automobile Prices in Market Equilibrium. Econometrica.

  13. Ho, K., & Lee, R. S. (2017). Insurer Competition in Health Care Markets. Econometrica.

  14. Andreyeva, E., Gupta, A., Ishitani, C., et al. (2024). The Corporatization of Independent Hospitals. Journal of Political Economy Microeconomics.

  15. Gupta, A., La Forgia, A., & Sacarny, A. (2026). Turbocharging Profits? Contract Gaming and Revenue Allocation in Healthcare. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics.

  16. Ho, K., & Lee, R. S. (2026). Contracting Over Pharmaceutical Formularies and Rebates. Econometrica.

    Note: Someday, I'll understand the significance of this paper instead of just going "woah." Today is not that day.

  17. Banerjee, S., & Lin, P. (2003). Downstream R&D, raising rivals’ costs, and input price contracts. International Journal of Industrial Organization.

  18. Gray, C., Alpert, A., & Sood, N. (2026). Disadvantaging Rivals: Vertical Integration in the Pharmaceutical Market. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics.

  19. Abaluck, J., Caceres Bravo, M., Hull, P., et al. (2021). Mortality Effects and Choice Across Private Health Insurance Plans. The Quarterly Journal of Economics.

  20. Serna, N. (2025). Exogenous Exits, Market Structure, and Equilibrium Contracts in Health Care. American Economic Review: Insights.